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填料密封在離心泵中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。近年來，它的形式很多
為較常見的壓流填料型的域料盒，它是由軸時(shí)套1、填料2、水時(shí)管3、水封環(huán)4及壓蓋5等五個(gè)部件所組成。
填料又名盤根，在軸時(shí)裝置中起著阻水或阻氣的密封作用。常用的填料是浸油、浸石墨的石棉繩培料。近年來，隨著工業(yè)發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了各種耐高溫、耐磨損以及耐強(qiáng)腐蝕的填料，如用碳素纖維、不銹綱纖維及合成樹脂纖維編織成的填料等。為了提高密封效果，填料繩一般做成矩形斷面。填料是用壓蓋來壓緊的。壓蓋又叫“格蘭”，它對填料的壓緊程度可擰松擰緊壓益上的螺栓來進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，如圖2-4中14所示。壓蓋壓得太松，達(dá)不到密封效果，壓得太緊，泵軸與填料的機(jī)械磨損大，消耗功率也大。如果壓得過緊時(shí)，甚至可能造成抱軸現(xiàn)象，產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)重的發(fā)熱和磨損。一般以水封管內(nèi)水能夠通過填料縫隙呈滴狀滲出為宜。泵殼內(nèi)的壓力水由水封管經(jīng)水封環(huán)中的小孔(圖2-8)流人軸與填料間的原面，起著引水冷卻與潤滑的作用。
填料密封結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，運(yùn)行可靠。但填料的壽命不長，對有毒、有腐蝕性及重的液體不能保證不泄?jié)?。如發(fā)電廠的鍋爐給水泵，需輸送高溫高壓水，而務(wù)的轉(zhuǎn)速又高，若用填料密封則很難使泵正常工作。
Packing seals are widely used in centrifugal pumps. In recent years, it has taken many forms
A common pressure flow packing type material box is composed of five components: shaft timing sleeve 1, packing 2, water timing pipe 3, water sealing ring 4, and gland 5.
Filler, also known as packing, plays a sealing role in preventing water or gas in the shaft timing device. The commonly used fillers are asbestos rope materials soaked in oil or graphite. In recent years, with the development of industry, various high-temperature, wear-resistant, and strong corrosion resistant fillers have emerged, such as fillers woven from carbon fibers, stainless steel fibers, and synthetic resin fibers. In order to improve the sealing effect, the packing rope is generally made into a rectangular cross-section. The packing is tightly pressed with a gland. The gland, also known as "gland", can adjust the tightness of the packing by loosening and tightening the bolts on the gland, as shown in Figure 2-4, Figure 14. If the gland is pressed too loosely, the sealing effect cannot be achieved. If it is pressed too tightly, the mechanical wear of the pump shaft and packing is large, and the power consumption is also high. If pressed too tightly, it may even cause the phenomenon of holding the shaft, resulting in weight generation heat and wear. It is generally recommended that the water inside the water sealed pipe can seep out in a droplet like manner through the filling gap. The pressure water inside the pump casing flows from the water seal pipe through the small holes in the water seal ring (Figure 2-8) to the original surface between the shaft and the packing, playing a role in guiding water for cooling and lubrication.
The packing seal has a simple structure and reliable operation. However, the lifespan of the filler is not long, and it cannot guarantee that it will not leak moisture for toxic, corrosive, and heavy liquids. For example, the boiler feed pump in a power plant needs to transport high-temperature and high-pressure water, and the rotating speed of the pump is high. If the pump is sealed with packing, it is difficult to make it work properly.
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